System and Method for Detection of Multiple Current Limits

ABSTRACT

Devices, such as mobile devices, may be exposed to short circuit and output overload events. To protect against such events, mobile devices typically include current limit circuits. Some current limit circuits may involve user programmable function. User programmable function may need accurate current limit detectors. Various embodiments of the present invention include devices and methods for detecting one or more programmed current limits. Some embodiments allow for a user application to select among parallel or serial configurations of current detection circuitry. Each such configuration may include multiple resistive devices of different resistive values.

REFERENCE TO EARLIER APPLICATION

This application is a divisional application of and claims benefit toU.S. Nonprovisional application Ser. No. 11/752,101, filed May 22, 2007,titled “System and method for Detection of Multiple Current Limits,”which is incorporated by reference herein. The U.S. Nonprovisionalapplication Ser. No. 11/752,101, filed May 22, 2007, titled “System andmethod for Detection of Multiple Current Limits” claimed the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Applications, Ser. No. 60/829,307, filed Oct. 13, 2006,titled “Current Limit Detector” and Ser. No. 60/912,921, filed Apr. 19,2007, titled “System and Method for Detection of Multiple CurrentLimits” both of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to power management in mobiledevices and more specifically to current limit detectors with anapplication in devices such as load switches.

BACKGROUND

Current limiting is the practice of imposing an upper limit on thecurrent that may be delivered to a load. The typical purpose of currentlimiting is to protect the circuit up or downstream from harmful effectsdue to, for example, a short circuit. In load switch applications usedin power sources and adapters, current may be limited below a loadswitch setting. Load switch applications include driving a power line ofa universal serial bus (USB) connector to various peripheral devices.Examples of load switch devices include current limited load switchdevices produced by Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc. (Sunnyvale,Calif.) as integrated circuits (ICs) designed to protect external powerports and to extend battery life in portable electronic products. Suchload switch devices operate with an integrated current limiting circuitthat protects, for example, the input supply against large changes inload current which could otherwise cause the supply to fall out ofregulation.

As current limited devices, load switches are able to draw current up tothe load switch setting. If the current exceeds the load switch setting,the current limiting circuit in the load switch limits the currentflowing through the load switch. Typically, a resistor (either externalor internal to the IC) is used to set the load switch current limits.Typically, within an operating voltage range of the load switch, asingle current limit is set based on the resistive value chosen by thedesigner. One disadvantage of using a single resistor for a wideoperating voltage range (and thus a wide range of load current) is lossof accuracy. This loss may occur, because the resistive value andtolerance typically determine the level of granularity of currentincrements detectable. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in systemdesign, a user selects a resistor having a resistive value, R_(SET). Theuser also defines a current limit to be associated with the resistivevalue, thereby establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the twoparameters. The current limit is arbitrarily selectable by the designer.In this example, the designer has defined the current limit of 100 mA tocorrespond to a resistive value of 100Ω, and the current limit of 1 A tocorrespond to 1 kΩ.

A single resistor allows the load switch application to select a singlecurrent limit. For example, the same current limit may apply regardlessof whether the application is in transmit, receive, or stand-by mode.The current limit detection circuitry may need to be duplicated in orderto include in the design capabilities to detect more than one currentlimit. For example, one current limit may be for stand-by mode andanother (e.g., higher) current limit may be for operating mode (e.g.,transmit and/or receive mode).

Therefore, there is a need for detectors of multiple current limits. Onedesired aspect might be to allow for detecting multiple user-definedcurrent limits. Another desired aspect might be to minimize duplicationof current limit detection circuitry, if feasible.

SUMMARY

The present invention is based, in part, on the foregoing observationsand in accordance with its purpose various embodiments of the inventioninclude devices and methods for detecting current limits. Generally, thevarious implementations of a device for detecting current limits can usea single resistive device associated with a corresponding singleuser-defined current limit. Other implementations of devices fordetecting multiple current limits can use one or more current limitdetectors coupled to multiple resistive devices in a series or parallelconfiguration to detect one or more current limits. Such current limitsmay be detected one after another (e.g., in series), substantially atthe same time (e.g., in parallel), or any combination thereof. Theproposed new implementations may use an integrated circuit (IC) or anumber of discrete components that are typically flexible and efficientin detecting current limitation. To illustrate, a number of embodimentsare explained in more detail below.

According to one embodiment, a device for detecting one or more currentlimits comprises a detector, multiple resistive devices coupled to thecurrent limit detector, and a selection switch coupled to the multipleresistive devices. The detector is operative to detect a user-definedcurrent limit. Each resistive device is adapted to conduct a sum ofcurrents which produces a voltage drop across it. Each resistive deviceis associated with a respective user-defined current limit. Theselection switch is operative to select one of the multiple resistivedevices in response to a select signal. The detector is adapted toprovide any user-defined current limit which the current limit detectoris operative to detect. Such providing is performed by step-wisedecreasing the sum of currents and is based on the sum of currentsconducted through a selected one of the multiple resistive devices.

In such device, each of the multiple resistive devices may include aground terminal. The selection switch may be coupled to the groundterminal of each of the multiple resistive devices. The selection switchmay also be operative to select a different one of the multipleresistive devices in response to a change in the select signal. Thecurrent limit detector may include a plurality of current paths, a highreference voltage terminal, and a high-level comparator. The detectormay also include a memory operatively coupled to the current limitdetector and operative to store the detected user-defined current limit.

According to another embodiment, a device for detecting one or morecurrent limits comprises a detector, multiple resistive devices, and aselection switch. The detector includes multiple current limitdetectors. Each current limit detector is operative to detect arespective user-defined current limit. Each of the multiple resistivedevices is coupled to a respective one of the multiple current limitdetectors. Each of the multiple resistive devices has a resistive valueassociated with the respective user-defined current limit, and each isadapted to conduct a respective sum of currents which produces a voltagedrop across it. The detector is adapted to provide any user-definedcurrent limit which the multiple current limit detectors are operativeto detect. Such providing is performed by step-wise decreasing therespective sum of currents and is based on the respective sum ofcurrents being conducted through a resistive device of the selected oneof the multiple current limit detectors.

In this embodiment, each current limit detector may be further operativeto communicate the detected respective user-defined current limit to acurrent limit controller in response to the select signal. Each of themultiple resistive devices may include terminals, including a groundterminal. Each of the multiple resistive devices may be coupled toground at its ground terminal and may be coupled at another of itsterminals to its respective one of the multiple current limit detectors.Each of the current limit detectors may include a plurality of currentpaths, a high reference voltage terminal, and a high-level comparator.

According to another embodiment, a method for detecting one or morecurrent limits comprises selecting a resistive device, and detecting theuser-defined current limit associated with the selected resistivedevice. The detecting is performed at the current limit detector.Selecting the resistive device is based on a select signal received froma selection switch. The selected resistive device is one of multipleresistive devices. Each of the multiple resistive devices has aresistive value associated with a respective user-defined current limit.Each resistive device is adapted to conduct a respective sum ofcurrents. The user-defined current limit is detected based on the sum ofcurrents being conducted through the selected resistive device bystep-wise decreasing such sum of currents.

Such method may also include communicating the detected user-definedcurrent limit to a current limit controller. It may also includeselecting a different one of the multiple resistive devices in responseto a change in the select signal. The method may further includecomparing a voltage drop and a high threshold voltage, and establishinga relationship between a sum of currents and the user-defined currentlimit of the selected resistive device associated with the sum ofcurrents. Moreover, the method may include storing the detecteduser-defined current limit in a memory operatively coupled to thecurrent limit detector.

According to yet another embodiment, a method for detecting one or morecurrent limits comprises selecting a current limit detector anddetecting a respective user-defined current limit. Selecting the currentlimit detector is based on a select signal received from a selectionswitch. The selected current limit detector may be any one of multiplecurrent limit detectors in a detector. Each of the multiple currentlimit detectors includes a resistive device of a predetermined resistivevalue associated with the respective user-defined current limit. Each ofthe multiple current limit detectors is adapted to conduct a respectivesum of currents. The detecting is performed at the selected currentlimit detector. The respective user-defined current limit is detectedbased on the sum of currents being conducted through the respectiveresistive device by step-wise decreasing such sum of currents.

Such method may also include communicating the detected user-definedcurrent limit to a current limit controller. It may also includeselecting a different one of the multiple current limit detectors inresponse to a change in the select signal. The method may furtherinclude comparing a voltage drop and a high threshold voltage,establishing a relationship between the sum of currents and theuser-defined current limit of the selected current limit detector, anddetecting the user-defined current limit of the selected current limitdetector associated with its sum of currents. The comparing may beperformed at the selected current limit detector. The establishing maybe performed by operating, at the selected current limit detector, oneor more of the current switches step-wise in response to the comparing.

According to yet another embodiment, an apparatus for detecting one ormore current limits comprises a detector, multiple resistive devices, aselection switch, and a current limit controller. The detector isoperative to detect a user-defined current limit. Each of the multipleresistive devices has a resistive value associated with a respectiveuser-defined current limit. Each of the multiple resistive devices isadapted to conduct a sum of currents which produces a voltage dropacross it. The selection switch is operative to select one of themultiple resistive devices in response to a select signal. The currentlimit controller is operatively coupled to the detector and is operativeto limit an output current so as not to exceed the detected user-definedcurrent limit. The detector is adapted to detect a user-defined currentlimit, based on the sum of currents being conducted through the selectedone of the multiple resistive devices, by step-wise decreasing such sumof currents.

Such apparatus may also include a memory operatively coupled to thedetector. The memory may be operative to store the detected user-definedcurrent limit. The apparatus may further include a charge storage deviceadapted to cooperate with the current limit controller and to provide anenergy reservoir capable of supplying burst power.

In such apparatus, the detector may include a plurality of currentpaths, a high reference voltage terminal, and a high-level comparator.In such apparatus, the detector may also include multiple current limitdetectors. Limiting the output current may include outputting, at thecurrent limit controller, a sequence of control signals. Each controlsignal may be associated with one step in the limitation of the outputcurrent. The apparatus may further include a current limit portionoperatively coupled to the current limit detector and to the currentlimit controller. The current limit portion may be operative to regulatethe output current in response to the sequence of control signalsreceived from the current limit controller.

In these embodiments, various possible attributes may be present. Thedevice may be embodied in an integrated circuit (IC) or as a functionalblock in the IC. The IC may be adapted for use in a mobile device. Thedetector may be operative to communicate the detected user-definedcurrent limit to the current limit controller. Each of the plurality ofcurrent paths may be adapted to conduct current. At least one of thecurrent paths may include a current switch operable to interrupt currentconduction therethrough. Collectively, currents flowing through theplurality of current paths may combine to produce the sum of currents.The high reference voltage terminal may be operative to supply a highthreshold voltage. The high-level comparator may include inputs and anoutput. One of the inputs may be operative to receive the high thresholdvoltage and another one of the inputs may be operatively coupled to theselected one of the multiple resistive devices. The high-levelcomparator may produce at the output a signal responsive to a comparisonbetween the voltage drop and the high threshold voltage. The output maybe adapted to operate the current switch to step-wise detect theuser-defined current limit associated with the sum of currents bystep-wise decreasing such sum of currents. The terminal of each of themultiple resistive devices coupled to the current limit detector may becoupled to the plurality of current paths. Each current path may befurther adapted to conduct current of an amount specific to it. Theamount of the current being conducted on each current path may be basedon a scale of its respective current switch.

The comparison between the voltage drop and the high threshold voltagemay include determining whether the voltage drop exceeds the highthreshold voltage. The resistive value may be predetermined based on theuser-defined current limit. The voltage drop may be a product of aplurality of currents flowing through a plurality of current paths andcombining into the sum of currents flowing through the selectedresistive device. The resistive value of the selected resistive devicesmay be set to establish the relationship between the sum of currents andthe user-defined current limit associated with the selected resistivedevice. Each current path may be adapted to conduct current, and atleast one of the current paths may include a current switch operable tointerrupt current conduction therethrough. Each of the multipleresistive devices may include a resistor.

These and other embodiments, features, aspects and advantages of thepresent invention will become better understood from the descriptionherein, appended claims, and accompanying drawings as hereafterdescribed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate various aspects of the inventionand, together with the description, serve to explain its principles.Wherever convenient, the same reference numbers will be used throughoutthe drawings to refer to the same or like elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the one-to-one association of resistivevalue to user-defined current limitation in a conventional current limitdetector.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a load switch application, according toone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of another load switch application, accordingto one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a load switch application for serialdetection of multiple current limits, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a load switch application for paralleldetection of multiple current limits, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph of current output from a selected one oftwo parallel resistive devices in response to a select signal beingactivated, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating granularity of current detectionachievable through segmentation, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a current limit detector, according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary graph of current, I_(SET), over time with R_(SET)of 1 MΩ as current switches included in the current limit detector ofFIG. 7 are successively activated, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates circuit details of a current limit detector,according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates circuit details of a load switch device, accordingto one embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Devices, such as mobile devices, may be exposed to short circuit andoutput overload events. These devices may be capable of operating inmultiple modes and each mode may benefit from a different user-definedcurrent limit. It may therefore be advantageous to protect these deviceswith circuitry capable of detecting multiple current limits and to limittheir supply current in response to such detection.

Accordingly, various embodiments of the invention include devices andmethods for detecting multiple current limits. Such devices and methodspreferably include multiple resistive devices, multiple current limitdetectors, or a combination of both, for detecting multiple currentlimits.

FIG. 2A is a block diagram showing the implementation of an application200 with a load switch device 206, according to one embodiment of theinvention. As shown, the application 200 includes a power supply 202operatively coupled, via a universal serial bus (USB) port 204, to theload switch device 206. The load switch device 206 is in turnoperatively coupled to a system load 212.

The power supply 202 is a device or system adapted to supply electricalenergy to the USB port 204. Examples of power supplies 202 includebatteries, direct current (DC) power supplies, chemical fuel cells,solar power, and other types of energy storage systems.

The load switch device 206 includes a detector 208 and a current limitcontroller 210. In various embodiments, the detector 208 may be adetector of multiple current limits. The detector of multiple currentlimits 208 is operative to detect a current limit using a resistivedevice and to provide (e.g., determine, communicate) the detectedcurrent limit to the current limit controller 210. The resistive devicemay be a resistor or any device capable of providing an electricalresistance (i.e., capable of opposing electrical current). The detectorof multiple current limits 208 may include one or more current limitdetectors, which in turn may include one or more comparators, resistors,and current switches (such as transistors) operatively connected andfunctioning to detect limits on the current. The detector of multiplecurrent limits 208 is described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3-5.

The current limit controller 210 is operative to receive the detectedcurrent limit from the detector of multiple current limits 208 and tolimit the current flowing through the load switch device 206. Thecurrent limit controller 210 may include a current limit converter, anoperational amplifier, a resistor (such as a current sensing resistor),and transistors operatively connected thereto.

The system load 212 may be any device connected to the output of theload switch device 206. Examples of system loads 212 include a PCMCIAcard, a compact flash card, and a camera flash LED.

FIG. 2B is a block diagram of another load switch application 216,according to one embodiment of the present invention. Application 216includes the power supply 202, the load switch device 206, the systemload 212, and a charge storage device 214. The power supply 202 isoperatively coupled to the load switch device 206, which is operativelycoupled to both the system load 212 and to the charge storage device214. As in application 200, the load switch device 206 may include thedetector of multiple current limits 208 and the current limit controller210.

The charge storage device 214 operates as an energy reservoir adapted tosupply burst power. Examples of charge storage devices 214 include boostconverters and energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.Generally, a boost converter is a voltage step-up converter that isoften regarded as a switching mode power supply. Energy storage devices,unlike boost converters, are based on charge storage and may be used asa power source. A supercapacitor is a type of high-energy storage devicedesigned to be charged and recharged repeatedly and to provideinstantaneous high discharge currents with rapid recharge betweendischarge operations. The charge storage device 214 may also include acombination of boost converter, supercapacitor, and any other type ofenergy storage device. In some embodiments, the charge storage device214 may be disposed external to the load switch device 206. For example,it may be detachably coupled to the load switch device 206. In suchembodiments, the charge storage device 214 is adapted to cooperate withand to supply burst power to the load switch device 206.

Each current limit detector may be implemented with multiple resistivedevices. One implementation is shown in FIG. 3, which illustrates ablock diagram of a load switch application 300 for serial detection ofmultiple current limits, according to one embodiment of the presentinvention. The load switch application 300 includes the detector 208operatively coupled to a user application 304. In this embodiment, thedetector may include a detector of multiple current limits 208 thatincludes a current limit detector 302, resistive devicesR_(SET1)-R_(SET4), a selection switch, SW, and an optional memory 306.

The user application 304 is operative to generate and output aselection, SEL, signal. The selection switch, SW, is operative toreceive the SEL signal and to select one of the resistive devicesR_(SET1)-R_(SET4) in response thereto. The current limit detector 302 isoperatively coupled to each of the resistive devices and is operative toreceive the current flowing through the selected resistive device, i.e.,one of I_(SET1)-I_(SET4). The current limit detector 302 may compriseany type of current limit detector. The current limit detector 302 isoperative to detect the current limit and to output the detected currentlimit to a current limit controller (e.g., the current limit controller210 of FIGS. 2A, 2B).

Optionally, the detected current limit may be stored in memory 306 priorto being communicated (e.g., output) to the current limit controller.Upon installation, start-up, or re-boot of the user application 304, thecurrent limit associated with each resistive device may be detected andsaved to memory 306 before the user application 304 continues itsoperation. In such embodiments, when the user application 304 selects adifferent resistive device during operation, the current limit for thenewly selected resistive device need not be detected anew. Rather, thecurrent limit associated with the newly selected resistive device isretrieved from the memory 306. Doing so saves the time otherwisenecessary for the current limit detector 302 to detect the currentlimit. Such time saving may be advantageous in user applications 304that frequently switch current limits and thus resistive devices. In oneexemplary cell phone embodiment, a lower current limit may be associatedwith a stand-by mode, an intermediate current level with a receive mode,and a highest current limit with a transmit mode. The time saving mayalso be advantageous in user applications 304 that involve userinteraction as users may otherwise notice the delay, for example, asusers wait for a display to respond to user input.

However, some user applications 304 may require a minimum start-up timeand may be implemented without the memory 306. In such user applications304, only the current limit associated with the resistive deviceselected upon start-up is detected. The current limits associated withthe other resistive devices are not detected until and unless the userapplication 304 outputs the SEL signal to select a particular,different, resistive device. At such time, in some embodiments, only thecurrent limit associated with the newly selected resistive device isdetected. If the user application 304 later switches back to apreviously used resistive device, the associated current limit needs tobe detected anew as no memory 306 is included from which to retrieve apreviously stored detected current limit. Thus, whether to include thememory 306 and, if included, whether to detect more than one currentlimit upon start-up may be user-defined and the advantages anddisadvantages of any approach may depend on the type of user application304 involved. Possible approaches include detecting one, multiple, orall current limits in an initial current detection sequence and/orsaving one or more of the detected current limits to memory 306, ifincluded in the load switch device.

The user application 304 may be any user application that may benefitfrom current limit detection and current limit control. Examples of userapplications 304 include camera flash LED, PCMCIA card, and compactflash card applications. The SEL signal may be based on a state (e.g.,mode) of the user application 304. For example, in a camera flash LEDapplication, it may be advantageous to use different current limits forstand-by and ready modes. The user application 304 may then change thecurrent limit by changing the SEL signal output to the selection switch,SW.

In the illustrated embodiment, the user application 304 can select anopen circuit by selecting R_(SET1) and a short circuit by selectingR_(SET4). Resistive devices R_(SET2) and R_(SET3) have different,non-zero resistive values. Other embodiments are possible. For example,some embodiments may include no open circuit and/or no short circuit.Other embodiments may include more or fewer resistive devices thanillustrated in FIG. 3.

In operation, the current limit detector 302 performs current limitdetection only once, regardless of how many resistive devices arecoupled to the current limit detector 302, because only one resistivedevice may be selected at any one time. FIG. 3 thus illustrates a serialconfiguration of a current limit detector with a resistive device.

The resistive devices may alternatively be coupled such that multiplecurrent limits may be detected at substantially the same time. Such aparallel configuration is illustrated in FIG. 4, which is a blockdiagram of a load switch application 400, according to one embodiment ofthe present invention. The load switch application 400 includes the userapplication 304 operatively coupled to the detector of multiple currentlimits 208. In this embodiment, the detector of multiple current limits208 includes the selection switch, SW, and the resistive devicesR_(SET1)-R_(SET4). It also includes one current limit detector 302 a-dfor each resistive device R_(SET1)-R_(SET4). The current limit detectors302 a-d may be any type of current limit detector. In one embodiment,each current limit detector 302 a-d includes its own set of currentpaths with current switches (e.g., transistors) that turn ON and OFFcorresponding current path (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 7). Asdescribed with reference to FIG. 3, the resistive devices may include anopen circuit, a short circuit, one or more resistive devices withnon-zero resistive values, or any combination thereof.

In operation, the user application 304 outputs the SEL signal to selectone of the current limit detectors 302 a-d. Upon selection of, forexample, current limit detector 302 b, this current limit detectoroutputs the current limit it detects to the current limit controller. Inthe parallel configuration illustrated in FIG. 4, each current limitdetector 302 a-d may detect its associated current limit upon start-upindependently of the current limit detection performed by the othercurrent limit detectors 302 a-d. Therefore, if the user application 304selects a different current limit detector during operation, forexample, current limit detector 302 c, this current limit detector mayhave already detected the associated current limit and is adapted tosubstantially instantly output this detected current limit to thecurrent limit controller. Thus, as mentioned, one advantage of theparallel configuration is a saving of the time it otherwise takes one ofthe current limit detectors 302 a-d to detect its current limit. Oneadvantage of the serial configuration of FIG. 3, however, is that theresistive devices R_(SET1)-R_(SET4) may share the same current limitdetector circuitry. With the parallel configuration of FIG. 4, suchcurrent limit detector circuitry typically needs to be duplicated.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph of current output from a selected one oftwo parallel resistive devices in response to the SEL signal beingactivated. In the illustrated example, one resistive device, R_(SET),has a resistive value of 1 MΩ and is operative to conduct currentI_(SET). The other resistive device, R_(SETL), has a lower resistivevalue of 200 kΩ and is operative to conduct current I_(SETL). Theselection switch may select between the two resistive devices and thusbetween the two different currents in response to the SEL signal.

For a comparison between FIGS. 4 and 5, R_(SET) may correspond toR_(SET2) and R_(SETL) may correspond to R_(SET3) of FIG. 4. Eachparallel resistive device R_(SET), R_(SETL) is associated with its owncurrent limit detector (e.g., current limit detectors 302 b-c of FIG.4). Upon start-up, each of the two current limit detectors performscurrent limit detection. Graph (b) of FIG. 5 illustrates a current limitdetection sequence of current detector 302 b, corresponding to R_(SET).The current limit detection sequence includes four step-wise decreasesof the current, I_(SET), before the current limit is detected. Inparallel, i.e., substantially at the same time, current limit detector302 c performs the sequence for R_(SETL) by step-wise reducing thecurrent, I_(SETL), flowing through the current limit detector 302 cuntil its current limit is detected. This is illustrated in graph (c).Initially, per graph (a), the user application 304 outputs a low SELsignal, which is operative to select the I_(SETL) current. This causesthe current limit detected by and associated with the current limitdetector 302 b to be communicated to the current limit controller. Atapproximately 2 milliseconds, the user application 304 changes the SELsignal to high, thereby causing the I_(SET) path to be selected and thecurrent limit associated with current limit detector 302 c to becommunicated to the current limit controller. The current limitdetection sequence is described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

As noted, the current limit detectors 302 may be any type of currentlimit detectors. Referring again to FIG. 1, in a conventional currentlimit detector, the operating voltage range may be 0.1 V to 1.0 V and aone-to-one relationship exists between a resistive value and itscorresponding user-defined current limit. One approach to improvingaccuracy of a current limit detector (e.g., current limit detector 302)in a particular operating voltage range using a single resistive deviceis to magnify the entire operating voltage range. In one embodiment ofsuch a current limit detector, as shown in FIG. 6, the operating voltagerange is 0.75 V to 1.5 V. The range is divided into multiple segments.In each segment, a user-defined resistive value, R_(SET), is associatedwith a user-defined current limit. Although there are multiple segments,each with the same operating voltage range, a one-to-one relationship ismaintained between the chosen resistive value and the defined currentlimit.

In a first segment, the system designer has selected a resistive valueof 93.75 kΩ to be associated with a current limit of between 75 mA and150 mA. In a second segment, a resistive value of 187.5 kΩ has beenselected to be associated with a current limit of between 150 mA and 300mA. The resistive values and associated current limits are user-definedand may be chosen according to any scheme so long as there is no overlapbetween segments, i.e., so long as the one-to-one relationship ismaintained between R_(SET) and the current limit. This enables propertransition between segments. In FIG. 6, for each segment, the resistivevalue as well as the current limit is doubled. In other embodiments, asbetween segments, the resistive value, the current limit or both may belogarithmically or exponentially related. For example, the first andsecond segments may include R_(SET) of ln(93750) and ln(187500)Ω,respectively. The associated current limits may be selected according toa logarithmic pattern, any other patterns, or even randomly. Bymagnifying the operating voltage range, and hence also the operatingcurrent range, the accuracy may be increased.

In operation, typically upon power-up, a load switch device thatincludes a current limit detector scheme according to FIG. 6 will detectthe current limit. Assume, for example, that the resistive value is 1.5MΩ. At start-up, the current, I_(SET), flowing through the current limitdetector may be such that the voltage, V_(SET)=R_(SET)×I_(SET), isgreater than the upper operating voltage, i.e., greater than 1.5 V. Ifso, the current limit detector may respond by reducing the current,I_(SET). Such reduced current flowing through the current limit detectormay nonetheless produce a voltage, V_(SET), across the resistive devicethat is greater than 1.5 V. If so, the current, I_(SET), may be reducedfurther. Once the voltage produced is below 1.5 V, the current is notreduced further, because the current limit detector is then operatingwithin the operating voltage range. At such time, the current, I_(SET),indicates what the corresponding current limit is, i.e., based on therelationship between I_(SET) and the current limit, determination ofI_(SET) also establishes the current limit. The current limit may, forexample, have been stored into memory within the load switch device. Thecurrent limit thus detected may then be communicated to a current limitcontroller coupled to the current limit detector. The current limitcontroller may thereafter limit the current to below the current limitand maintain it at or below that level.

The current limit is typically detected once after installation orset-up of the system or device in which the load switch device isincorporated or to which it is otherwise operationally coupled.Thereafter, the current limit is typically not detected anew until poweris recycled, for example, when the load switch application isre-started, such as upon power-up, wake-up, and the like. Thereafter,the current limit detector is typically dormant, i.e., not performingits current detection functionality.

Table 1 illustrates the relationship between a resistive value of aresistive device, R_(SET), and a corresponding user-defined currentlimit. The numbers in Table 1 match those illustrated in FIG. 6. Byincreasing the resistive value by four orders of magnitude (2⁴=16), from93.75 kΩ to 1.5 MΩ, the current limit is likewise increased by amagnitude of four, from 75 mA to 1.2 A.

TABLE 1 Relationship between resistive value and correspondinguser-defined current limit. User- Defined Current V_(SET) = SignalI_(SET) Limit R_(SET) I_(SET) × R_(SET) EN8 = S1 1 μA  1.2 A   1.5 MΩ1.5 V 1 μA 600 mA 750 kΩ 0.75 V  EN4 = S1 + S2 2 μA 600 mA 750 kΩ 1.5 V2 μA 300 mA 375 kΩ 0.75 V  EN2 = S1 + S2 + S3 4 μA 300 mA 375 kΩ 1.5 V 4μA 150 mA 187.5 kΩ   0.75 V  EN1 = S1 + S2 + S3 + S4 8 μA 150 mA 187.5kΩ   1.5 V 8 μA  75 mA 93.75 kΩ   0.75 V 

The total detection current, I_(SET), flowing through the load switchdevice may be changed in one or more steps. The embodiment illustratedin Table 1 allows for step-wise detecting the current limit by step-wisedecreasing the total current flowing. Such step-wise detection may beobtained by including multiple current paths in the load switch device,where I_(SET) comprises the sum of the currents flowing on each of thecurrent paths. Also, each current path may include a current switch(e.g., a transistor T1, T2, T3, T4) which can cause the current on thatpath to start or stop flowing as the respective transistor is turned ONor OFF. The embodiment outlined in Table 1 includes four current paths.The signals to turn ON the transistors (T1, T2, T3, and T4) are denotedS1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively. A state of the load switch device isthe status of the signals controlling the transistors, i.e., the set{S1, S2, S3, S4}. An enable signal (EN) defines the state, i.e., whichof the individual signals are activated. The current, I1, flowing on thecurrent path whose transistor T1 is controlled by signal S1 is 1 μA. Thecurrents I2, I3, and I4 flowing on the current paths with transistorsT2, T3, and T4, respectively, are 1 μA, 2 μA, and 4 μA, respectively.

For example, a first enable signal (EN1) may be defined as S1+S2+S3+S4.When turned ON, the transistors T1-T4 allow the associated current I1-I4to flow, and when turned OFF, the transistor T1-T4 interrupts thecurrent flowing on the associated current path. Thus, EN1 may cause allfour transistors to be turned ON. In this case, the total current of 8μA consists of a sum of currents I1, I2, I3 and I4 which flow throughtransistors T1-T4 when turned ON by the signals S1-S4. As noted, thecurrent limits are user defined. If the designer chooses the resistivevalue, R_(SET), as 93.75 kΩ, the current limit is set, per Table 1, at75 mA. If the designer chooses the resistive value as 187.5 kΩ, thecurrent limit is set at 150 mA. The designer may set the current limits,for example, based on one or more applications for the load switchdevice in which the current limit detector is to be incorporated.

The step-wise current limit detection may be obtained by, in a firststep, activating all of S1-S4, causing the total detection current,I_(SET), to initially be 8 μA. Thereafter, in a second step, S4 may bedeactivated, causing the total current to be limited to 4 μA (i.e., toI1+I2+I3=1 μA+1 μA+2 μA). In a third step, S3 may be also deactivated,causing the total current to be limited to I1+I2, i.e., 2 μA. Furtherstep-wise decrease may be obtained by deactivating S2 and thereafter S1,causing the current to be decreased to I1 (i.e., 1 μA) and thereafter to0 μA or to substantially 0 μA (e.g., with bias currents alone or with nobias currents). Other step-wise decreases are possible. Various othersequences of step-wise decreases, and thus step-wise detection of thecurrent limit, are possible. Such step-wise detection may furtherinclude various levels of step granularity or current increments.

Another enable signal (EN8) may be defined as S1. Using EN8, only onecurrent path, i.e., I1, can be turned ON and OFF. Thus, the step-wisecurrent limit detection may be limited to two steps. Yet other enablesignals may include EN2 defined as S1+S2+S3, and EN4 defined as S1+S2.The number of possibilities of step-wise decreasing the currentdecreases as the number of signals (Sj, j=1, 2, 3, and 4) included inthe enable signal decreases. However, even using EN8, comprising S1alone, the current may be step-wise limited by first activating S1,causing the current to be limited to 1 μA and thereafter deactivatingS1, causing the current to be limited to 0 μA (including no biascurrents, as will be further described below).

Typically, an embodiment includes a single resistive device of a singleresistive value. Therefore, typically only the parameters in one of therows of Table 1 are applicable to any one embodiment. Other embodimentsare possible. For example, an embodiment may include two or moreresistive devices operating in parallel. Such embodiment may allow for auser application to select between the resistive devices via, forexample, a select signal output from the user application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a current limit detector 700, according to oneembodiment of the present invention. The current limit detector 700comprises a high-level comparator, COMP1, a low-level comparator, COMP2,a resistive device R_(SET), three resistors R1, R2, and R3, a highreference voltage terminal, H, a low reference voltage terminal, L, asupply terminal, S, a terminal A leading to connection point A, fourcurrent switches (e.g., transistors) T1-T4, and four current pathsadapted to conduct currents I1-I4, respectively. The supply terminal, S,provides 2.0 V. The values of the resistors R1-R3 are set based ondesired threshold voltages at the two reference voltage terminals H andL, relative to the voltage at the supply terminal, S. The method forsetting the values of the resistors can be any one of a number ofsuitable methods, including pre-selecting fixed R value, pre-setting avariable resistor, etc.

In the illustrated embodiment, the high and low threshold voltages are1.5 V and 0.12 V, respectively. The high reference voltage terminal, H,(at 1.5 V) is operatively coupled to one input of the high-levelcomparator COMP1. The low reference voltage terminal, L, at 0.12 V isoperatively coupled to one input of the low-level comparator COMP 2.Another input of each of COMP1 and COMP2 is operatively coupled toconnection point A (or simply “point A”) via terminal A. The outputs ofthe comparators indicate whether the voltage at point A is within theworking voltage range 0.12 V-1.5 V or outside this range. Point Adenotes a junction in the current limit detector circuitry where all thecurrent paths meet and at which the currents I1-I4 from all the currentpaths combine to form the sum, I_(SET), (I_(SET)=I1+I2+I3+I4). Theresistive device, R_(SET), is connected between terminal A (or point A)and ground. The voltage at terminal A is the voltage drop across theresistive device, i.e., I_(SET)×R_(SET).

The high-level comparator COMP1 is operative to compare the voltage,V_(SET), at point A with the high threshold voltage 1.5 V and to outputa signal responsive to whether V_(SET) exceeds 1.5 V. The low-levelcomparator COMP2 is operative to compare V_(SET) with the low thresholdvoltage 0.12 V and to output a signal responsive to whether V_(SET) isbelow 0.12 V. The output signals from one or both of COMP1 and COMP2 areused to determine which of S1-S4 to activate. As described withreference to Table 1, S1-S4 determine which transistors T1-T4 to turn ONand thus which of currents I1-I4 may flow via the respective currentpaths. The comparators may be, for example, positive feedback operatingamplifiers.

FIG. 7 does not show the details of logic adapted to accept as inputsthe outputs from one or both of COMP1 and COMP2 and to generate S1-S4.However, various implementations of such logic are possible and theparticulars of such implementations may vary. Such variations maydepend, for example, on how the enable signals are defined. In someembodiments, the enable signals may be defined with reference to signalsthat turn the transistors OFF rather than ON. For example, S1-S4 maydenote signals that turn the transistors ON, and S1B-S4B may denotesignals that turn transistors T1-T4, respectively, OFF.

In this embodiment, S1 is coupled to and operative to turn ON transistorT1, thereby causing current I1 of 1 μA to flow. Likewise, S2, S3, and S4are respectively coupled to and operative to turn ON transistors T2, T3,and T4, thereby correspondingly causing currents I2, I3, and I4 of 1 μA,2 μA, and 4 μA to flow. T1-T4 may include transistors or any other typeof current switch. Examples of transistors include field effecttransistors (FETs) such as junction FETs (JFETs) and metal oxidesemiconductor FETs (MOSFETs), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), andany combination thereof.

In operation, the current limit detection starts with turning ON allfour current paths so that the current, I_(SET), is 8 μA. If, forexample, R_(SET) is 1.5 MΩ, the voltage at terminal A, V_(SET), is 12 V(1.5 MΩ×8 μA=12 V), which is above the threshold voltage 1.5 V. Theoutput of COMP1 will be TRUE, because the condition V_(SET)>1.5 V ismet. The output of COMP2 will also be FALSE, because the conditionV_(SET)<0.12 V is not met. The output of COMP1 may cause one or more ofT1-T4 to be turned ON or OFF, depending on how the enable signal andS1-S4 are defined.

If Table 1 applies, EN1 is defined as S1+S2+S3+S4, and EN2 is defined asS1+S2+S3. This means that the current limit detector responds bydeactivating S4 in order to turn OFF T4 and reduce the current, I_(SET),to 4 μA (I1+I2+I3=1 μA+1 μA+2 μA=4 μA). Following the reduction inI_(SET), the voltage at terminal A, V_(SET), is 6 V (1.5 MΩ×4 μA=6 V)which is still above the threshold voltage 1.5V. The output of COMP1 isstill TRUE, and the current limit detector responds by enablingEN4=S1+S2, i.e., by deactivating S3 to turn off T3 and reduce I_(SET) to2 μA (I1+I2=1 μA+1 μA=2 μA). Following this reduction, V_(SET) is 3 V(1.5 MΩ×2 μA=3 V). The current detector responds again, reducing thecurrent by turning OFF T2 to enable EN8=S1. The resulting current,I_(SET), is 1 μA (I1 alone), which causes V_(SET) to be 1.5V.

At this point, V_(SET) falls within the operating range, and thecondition of COMP1 is FALSE. Likewise, the condition of COMP2 is FALSE,because V_(SET) (1.5V) is not <0.12V. According to Table 1, the currentlimit thus detected is 1.2 A. The current limit detector communicatesthe current limit of 1.2 A to the current limit controller.

Assuming that I_(SET) is initially 8 μA, if R_(SET) is instead to 200kΩ, the voltage drop, V_(SET), across the resistive device is 1.6 V.Because this voltage drop exceeds the high threshold, i.e., V_(SET) (1.6V)>1.5 V, the COMP1 output switches to TRUE, and the current is limitedto 4 μA. With this lower current, the voltage drop across R_(SET)decreases to 0.8 V (at point A 200 kΩ×4 μA=0.8 V). In response, theCOMP1 output may change to FALSE (i.e., return to its former output),because the condition V_(SET)>1.5 V becomes FALSE again. To avoid ormitigate oscillations, one or both comparators may use hysteresis.Hysteresis may also be used to avoid or mitigate oscillations due tonoise or other forms of interference.

The output of a comparator (e.g., COMP1, COMP2) corresponding to FALSEmay be HIGH or LOW depending on the inputs to the comparator beingrespectively set as +/− or −/+. For example, +/− may correlate to anN-channel transistor (e.g., a PNP-type BJT) and −/+ to a P-channeltransistor (e.g., an NPN-type BJT). Other relationships between thecomparator output and its inputs are possible.

In some embodiments, one or more current paths may include no currentswitch. For example, S1 and T1 may be omitted and the current I1 mayalways flow. However, at least one current path operatively coupled to acurrent switch is necessary in order to obtain step-wise current limitdetection. Some embodiments may be implemented with more or fewer Sjsignals and/or with more or fewer current switches and current pathsthan illustrated in FIG. 7.

Some embodiments may include only a high-level comparator, i.e., COMP1.In such embodiments, the low-level comparator COMP2, the resistor R2,and the low reference voltage terminal, L, may be omitted. In suchconfigurations, there is no current limit in the event of a shortcircuit event during which, in effect, R_(SET) equals 0Ω to ground. Theselection of low threshold voltage for COMP2 may be based on criteriaincluding noise immunity. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, thelow threshold voltage selected for the low-level comparator COMP2 is0.12 V. In alternative embodiments, another non-zero value may beselected, such as 80 mV. Some level of electronic noise exists in allcircuits and devices as a result of thermal noise. Random variations incurrent or voltage may be caused by random movement of the electronscarrying the current as the electrons are jolted around by thermalenergy. This phenomenon may limit the minimum signal level to which acircuit may respond, because some amount of thermal noise may arise inthe input circuits. Noise immunity criteria can take into account suchphenomena.

In some embodiments, the resistive value may be substantially zero,i.e., R_(SET) is in essence a short circuit. In such embodiments, thereis no current limit because a short circuit corresponds to virtuallyinfinite current. Other embodiments may be designed without a resistivedevice. In such embodiments, an open circuit exists in lieu of R_(SET).The current limit detector may, upon detection of an open circuit,determine that a fixed current limit applies. The fixed current limitmay be the highest or the lowest current limit or any other fixedcurrent limit as determined during the design phase of the current limitdetector. Because R_(SET) is virtually infinite in an open circuit, inoperation, the current limit detector may detect the open circuit as thecondition of COMP1 always being TRUE. The current limit detector maythen identify the resistor as missing, e.g., to the load switchapplication. The load switch application may thereupon set the currentlimit. In other embodiments, the current detector may identify the opencircuit and communicate a stored current limit associated therewith tothe current limit controller.

The low threshold voltage, illustrated in FIG. 7 as 0.12 V, may be usedfor noise immunity purposes. Thus, if the condition for COMP2 isdetected as TRUE, the voltage V_(SET) is below 0.12 V and the currentlimit detector may communicate to the current limit controller thatthere is no current limit.

FIG. 7 illustrates one implementation of a single current limit detector302 and a single resistive device. Various embodiments may beimplemented with one or more resistive devices having differentresistive values, one or more current limit detectors 302, or acombination thereof, as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary graph of current, I_(SET), over time with R_(SET)of 1 MΩ as current switches included in the current limit detector ofFIG. 7 are successively activated, according to one embodiment of thepresent invention. Graph (a) illustrates how I_(SET) decreases step-wisefrom an initial value of 8 μA. As the individual current switches areturned OFF, one at a time, they cause current on a current path to stopflowing. As described with reference to FIG. 7, S4B is the oppositepolarity to S4, and in graph (c) S4B is activated. When S4B isactivated, T4 is therefore turned OFF, causing 14 to stop flowing.Currents I1, I2, and I3 continue to flow, causing the total currentI_(SET) to be limited to 4 μA (1 μA+1 μA+2 μA). Graph (a) shows I_(SET)dropping to 4 μA.

According to graph (d), S3B is thereafter activated, causing T3 to beturned OFF and I3 to stop flowing. Graph (a) shows I_(SET) dropping to 2μA (I1+I2=1 μA+1 μA) in response thereto. Graph (e) shows S2B thereafterbeing activated, causing I2 to stop flowing and I_(SET) (in graph (a))to drop to 1 μA (i.e., I1).

Note that the embodiment whose operation is illustrated in FIG. 8 omitsthe current switch for turning the current I1 ON and OFF. Therefore,there is no S1B signal, and the I_(SET) current (I1 i.e., 1 μA) is ONcontinuously until current OFF (COFF) logic is activated (e.g., applied,inserted). An embodiment of COFF logic is shown in the lower portion ofFIG. 9. Some embodiments may include COFF logic operative to indicatethat an end of the detect sequence has been reached (i.e., that thedetect sequence has completed) and that the current limit detector isdormant. In the illustrated embodiment, the end of the detect sequenceis reached when S2B-S4B are all active, i.e., when I_(SET) is 1 μA.Thus, graph (b) (FIG. 8) illustrates that the lower end 1 μA of thecurrent range is detected, causing the COFF logic to be active (e.g.,HIGH). COFF logic is operative to turn OFF substantially all of the biascurrents in the current limit detector when the current limit detectoris dormant. In the illustrated embodiment, the COFF logic is coupled tothe I1 current path and operative to turn OFF also I1 of 1 μA. Inresponse, I_(SET) in graph (a) is reduced to a current substantiallyequal to zero. In other embodiments, all current paths may includecurrent switches operative to turn OFF the current flowing. In suchembodiments, the COFF logic may be operative to turn OFF substantiallyall bias currents but not to turn OFF any current paths that do notinclude a transistor. In such an embodiment (not shown), upon activatingthe COFF logic, the resulting total current would likewise besubstantially zero.

FIG. 8 also illustrates that in order to detect the current limit insteps (other than a single step of simply turning OFF all currents,e.g., via the COFF logic), it is necessary for the load switch device toinclude at least one current path with a transistor and a correspondingsignal SjB (or Sj) controlling whether such transistor is turned ON orOFF.

The current limit detector (e.g., the current limit detector 700 in FIG.7) may be implemented in a number of ways. One implementation is shownin FIG. 9, which illustrates a current limit detection circuit accordingto one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the high-levelcomparator COMP1 is operatively connected to internal delay elements(denoted FF1-FF3). The delay elements are operatively coupled to eachother in series and operative to, serially, maintain a sequence ofstates. The output of a particular delay element (e.g., FF1) is adaptedto cause a change to the state of a delay element that follows it in theseries (e.g., FF2). Each state defines which of the one or moretransistors are to be turned ON and which are to be turned OFF. Thedelay elements may be flip-flop registers (FFs). Examples of FFs includeD-FFs and JK FFs.

Including the internal delay elements in the current limit detectorallows for a comparator (e.g., COMP1, COMP2, or both) to remember asequence of a length which is based on the number of FFs included. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the current limit detector includes threeFFs (i.e., FF1, FF2, and FF3) operatively coupled to COMP1, and thus thecurrent limit detector is adapted to remember a sequence of length three(with respect to the operation of COMP1). In alternative embodiments,more or fewer delay elements may be included. As the number of delayelements increases, so does the length of the sequences that may beremembered and, in turn, the obtainable current resolution. For example,in an embodiment as defined as in Table 1, the sequence of states allowsfor a step-wise decrease of I_(SET) from a first state in which 8 μA(all of I1-I4) is flowing to a second state in which 4 μA (I1-I3 but notI4) is flowing and from the second to a third state in which 2 μA (I1and I2 but not I3 and I4) is flowing.

In one embodiment, the delay elements prevent race conditions. Raceconditions may otherwise occur if, for example, the output of one delayelement in the series becomes critically dependent on the sequencingand/or timing of other events such as when inputs to logic gates, suchas the FFs, vary. For example, the output of FF2 in FIG. 9 depends onthe state of its inputs. As the inputs change state, a finite delay mayoccur before the output changes. For a brief period, the output maychange to an unwanted state before settling back to the designed state.In general, certain electronic systems are able to tolerate suchglitches. However, if for example the output signal functions as a clockfor other elements that contain memory (e.g., FF3), the current limitdetector may rapidly depart from its designed behavior. In effect, thetemporary glitch may become permanent.

The delay elements advantageously allow for the sequence of statetransitions to be clocked. For example, by activating (e.g., enabling)the delay elements in order of operation (i.e., FF1, then FF2, andthereafter FF3), FF1 is not activated until its inputs are stable. FF2may be activated a short period thereafter, such period being sufficientto allow for the output of FF1 to become stable. Because the output ofFF1 also affects the inputs to FF2, the inputs to FF2 are stable whenFF2 is activated. Likewise, FF3 may not be activated until its inputs,affected by the output of FF2, are stable. This results in clocking ofthe sequence resembling a ripple clock. There is thus no need for thecurrent limit detector to include a clock oscillator. After three suchclock cycles, the delay elements are stable and the delay enable input(denoted DEX in FIG. 9) is in the OFF state, which disables the delayelements. Other embodiments may include a state machine in lieu of thedelay elements. However, the circuitry illustrated in FIG. 9 may bepreferred because of its zero dynamic current consumption. In analternative embodiment, the circuitry denoted 902 may be implementedusing a state machine.

FIG. 9 also illustrates an implementation of COFF logic adapted toproduce a COFF output signal. Such COFF output signal can be used toturn OFF substantially all bias currents, as described with reference toFIG. 8.

Values, such as the 1.5 V reference voltage, i.e., the high thresholdvoltage (or state trip point) associated with COMP1, may vary because ofresistor tolerance (e.g., of one or more of the resistors R1-R3).Examples of resistor tolerance include 5%, 10%, and more. The thresholdvoltage value may further vary due to variations in rail voltage (i.e.,voltage provided by the supply, such as the power supply unit).Likewise, the 0.12 V reference voltage, i.e., the low threshold voltage,may vary because of resistor tolerance, variations in rail voltage, orboth. In the embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 9, the rail voltage is 2.0 V.

FIG. 10 shows an apparatus 1000 for controlling a current limit,including a current limit detector 1002, according to one embodiment ofthe present invention. The apparatus 1000 comprises the current limitdetector 1002, a current limit portion 1004, a current limit controller1006, the system load 212, and the charge storage device 214.

The current limit detector 1002 is substantially similar to the currentlimit detector of FIG. 7 or 9, except that, compared to the embodimentof FIG. 7, the current limit detector 1002 includes no transistor T1. Inthe absence of T1, the current I1 always flows. In some embodiments,terminal A is not directly connected to the resistive device but ratherto a current limit converter 1010 included in the current limit portion1004. The current limit converter 1010 is operative to convert voltageto current. The current limit converter 1010 may be used to chargecircuits as shown in FIG. 10 or any load switch device.

The current limit detect and control component 1012 includes theaforementioned delay elements FF1-FF3 of FIG. 9. The current limitcontroller 1006 is operatively coupled to the current limit detect andcontrol component 1012, to the current limit portion 1004, as well as tothe system load 212 and the charge storage device 214. The outputs ofthe delay elements are fed to the current limit controller 1006. In someembodiments, the charge storage device 214 may be external to andadapted to cooperate with the apparatus 1000.

The current limit controller 1006 is operative to, upon receiving thedetected current limit from the current limit detector 1002, control thecurrent, I_(OUT), output to the system load 212 and charge storagedevice 214 so as not to exceed the detected current limit. Suchlimitation may be performed in a controlled manner, for example, inincremental steps. Such manner may be gradual or fast depending on, forexample, the number of delay elements included in the current limitdetect and control component 1012. The current limit controller 1006 mayinclude scaled transistors T12, T13, and T14. In this embodiment, T12 isscaled 4×, T13 is scaled 2×, and T14 is scaled 1×. The size ratiobetween the scaled transistors may correspond to the respective ratiosof the current switches T1-T4. For example, T12 may be scaled 4×corresponding to the scaling of T4 relative to T1 (4 μA vs. 1 μA). Sizematching may be important to match transistor criteria, for transistorscaling (i.e., decreasing device dimensions), and the like. Transistorsof a particular scale (i.e., size) are typically laid out in the sameregion on the IC die.

The current limit portion 1004 includes the current limit converter1010, an operational amplifier 1014, transistors T10 and T11, and acurrent sensing resistor R_(S). The transistors T10 and T11 are scaled.In this embodiment, T10 is scaled 1× and T11 is scaled 0.002×. Thecurrents I and I_(OUT) have a substantially fixed ratio between themdetermined by the size ratio of T10 and T11. In the illustratedembodiment, that size ratio is 500 (1/0.002=500). T11 is thus a currentmirror to T10.

If the current, I, flowing through T11 is greater than the currentlimit, I_(LIM), of the current limit converter 1010, the operationalamplifier 1014 tries to reduce the current until I substantially equalsI_(LIM). If I is below I_(LIM), the operational amplifier 1014substantially maintains I at or below I_(LIM). The value of I_(LIM) maybe, for example 500×I.

The apparatus 1000 or portions thereof, such as the current limitdetector (e.g., current limit detector 1002 or that illustrated in FIG.7 or 9), may be implemented in a number of ways. It may be implementedusing discrete components or, preferably, it may be embodied in anintegrated circuit (IC) or as a functional block in an IC. Such IC mayfurther be adapted for use in a mobile device. Examples of mobiledevices include laptops, cell phones, personal digital assistants(PDAs), game boys, other battery-operated toys, and the like.

In sum, although the present invention has been described inconsiderable detail with reference to certain preferred versionsthereof, other versions are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims should not be limited to the description of thepreferred versions contained herein.

1. A device for detecting one or more current limits, comprising: adetector including multiple current limit detectors, each operative todetect a respective user-defined current limit; multiple resistivedevices each coupled to a respective one of the multiple current limitdetectors, each having a resistive value associated with the respectiveuser-defined current limit and each being adapted to conduct arespective sum of currents which produces a voltage drop across it; anda selection switch coupled to each of the multiple current limitdetectors and operative to select any one of the multiple current limitdetectors in response to a select signal, wherein the detector isadapted to provide any user-defined current limit which the multiplecurrent limit detectors are operative to detect, based on the respectivesum of currents being conducted through a resistive device of theselected one of the multiple current limit detectors, by step-wisedecreasing such respective sum of currents.
 2. The device as in claim 1,wherein the resistive value is predetermined based on the user-definedcurrent limit.
 3. The device as in claim 1, wherein each current limitdetector is further operative to communicate the detected respectiveuser-defined current limit to a current limit controller in response tothe select signal.
 4. The device as in claim 1, wherein each of themultiple resistive devices includes terminals, including a groundterminal, and is coupled to ground at its ground terminal and at anotherof its terminals to its respective one of the multiple current limitdetectors.
 5. The device as in claim 1, wherein each of the multipleresistive devices includes a resistor.
 6. The device as in claim 1,wherein each of the current limit detectors includes: a plurality ofcurrent paths each of which being adapted to conduct current and atleast one of which including a current switch operable to interruptcurrent conduction therethrough, wherein, collectively, currents flowingthrough the plurality of current paths combine to produce a respectivesum of currents, a high reference voltage terminal operative to supply ahigh threshold voltage, and a high-level comparator including inputs andan output, one of the inputs being operative to receive the highthreshold voltage and another one of the inputs being operativelycoupled to its respective resistive device, the high-level comparatorproducing at the output a signal responsive to a comparison between thevoltage drop and the high threshold voltage, the output being adapted tooperate the current switch to step-wise detect the respectiveuser-defined current limit associated with the respective sum ofcurrents by step-wise decreasing such respective sum of currents,wherein the terminal of each of the multiple resistive devices coupledto the respective one of the multiple current limit detectors is coupledto the respective plurality of current paths.
 7. The device as in claim6, wherein an amount of the current being conducted on each current pathis based on a scale of its respective current switch.
 8. The device asin claim 6, wherein the comparison between the voltage drop and the highthreshold voltage includes determining whether the voltage drop exceedsthe high threshold voltage.
 9. The device as in claim 6, wherein eachcurrent path is further adapted to conduct current of an amount specificto it.
 10. The device as in claim 1, embodied in an integrated circuit(IC) or as a functional block in the IC.
 11. The device as in claim 10,wherein the IC is adapted for use in a mobile device.
 12. A method fordetecting one or more current limits, comprising: selecting a currentlimit detector based on a select signal received from a selectionswitch, the selected current limit detector being any one of multiplecurrent limit detectors in a detector, each of the multiple currentlimit detectors including a resistive device of a predeterminedresistive value associated with a respective user-defined current limitand adapted to conduct a respective sum of currents; and detecting, atthe selected current limit detector, the respective user-defined currentlimit, wherein the respective user-defined current limit is detectedbased on the sum of currents being conducted through the respectiveresistive device by step-wise decreasing such sum of currents.
 13. Themethod as in claim 12, further comprising communicating the detecteduser-defined current limit to a current limit controller.
 14. The methodas in claim 12, wherein each of the resistive devices includesterminals, including a ground terminal, and is coupled to ground at itsground terminal and at another of its terminals to its respective one ofthe multiple current limit detectors.
 15. The method as in claim 12,wherein each of the resistive devices includes a resistor.
 16. Themethod as in claim 12, further comprising selecting a different one ofthe multiple current limit detectors in response to a change in theselect signal.
 17. The method as in claim 12, wherein each of theresistive devices includes a resistor.
 18. The method as in claim 12,further comprising: comparing, at the selected current limit detector, avoltage drop and a high threshold voltage, the voltage drop being aproduct of a plurality of currents flowing through a plurality ofcurrent paths and combining into the sum of currents flowing through theselected resistive device, the selected resistive device being theparticular resistive device included in the selected current limitdetector, the predetermined resistive value of the selected resistivedevice being set to establish a relationship between the sum of currentsand the user-defined current limit associated with the selected currentlimit detector, each current path being adapted to conduct current andat least one of which including a current switch operable to interruptcurrent conduction therethrough; establishing the relationship betweenthe sum of currents and the user-defined current limit of the selectedcurrent limit detector by operating, at the selected current limitdetector, one or more of the current switches step-wise in response tothe comparing; and detecting the user-defined current limit of theselected current limit detector associated with its sum of currents. 19.The method as in claim 18, wherein an amount of the current beingconducted on each current path is based on a scale of its respectivecurrent switch.
 20. The method as in claim 18, wherein the comparisonbetween the voltage drop and the high threshold voltage includesdetermining whether the voltage drop exceeds the high threshold voltage.21. The method as in claim 18, wherein each current path is furtheradapted to conduct current of an amount specific to the respectivecurrent path.
 22. A device for detecting one or more current limits,comprising: a detector including multiple means to detect current, eachoperative to detect a respective user-defined current limit; multipleresistive devices each coupled to a respective one of the multiple meansto detect current, each having a resistive value associated with therespective user-defined current limit and each being adapted to conducta respective sum of currents which produces a voltage drop across it;and a selection switch coupled to each of the multiple means to detectcurrent and operative to select any one of the multiple means to detectcurrent in response to a select signal, wherein the detector is adaptedto provide any user-defined current limit which the multiple means todetect current are operative to detect, based on the respective sum ofcurrents being conducted through a resistive device of the selected oneof the multiple means to detect current, by step-wise decreasing suchrespective sum of currents.